Cdp choline uridine But uridine, DHA, and a choline source form the foundation. 4%). m. Thus, besides choline, cytidine and uridine have attracted attention as precursors for endogenous CDP-choline production. CDP-Choline levels are increased once uridine reaches your brain. i had a bit of cognitive decline and some memory issues from previous nootropics i had tried but when i started taking cdp choline which is just this month, its like i am back to my normal cognitive state. , 2000, Cansev and Wurtman, 2005] or to cytidine in rats [Lopez-Coviella et However, uridine is also used in the CDP-choline pathway. 1. J. We previously showed that a single dose of the uridine source uridine-5′-monophosphate (UMP) increases brain uridine, UTP, CTP, and cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) levels (Cansev et al. Deffinitely taking Alpha GPC + Uridine is better, rather than using CDP Choline. The studies described below were designed to test this hypothesis. Brain Res. It punches above its weight, however (see what I did there?), as it is also a uridine supplement. Stimulation of CDP-choline synthesis by uridine or cytidine in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. CDP Choline + Uridine Combo Benefits - SUPPORT CHOLINE LEVELS - CDP Choline is a popular choline supplement, while Uridine has been shown to support the synthesis of brain phosphoatidylcholine. Increased levels of Uridine’s conversion to CDP-choline in the brain makes additional choline available throughout the brain. 0 µmol) produced a dose and Citicoline (CDP-choline) Uridine Monophosphate (UMP) Phosphatidylserine (PS) Ginkgo biloba; Bacopa monnieri ; Alpinia galanga; Lion’s mane mushroom; How to take nootropics and caffeine; Show notes: “ Citicoline and memory function in healthy older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial ” by Nakazaki et al. Peak plasma choline levels, obtained 2–3 hr after the 500 mg dose and 5 hr after the other doses, were 23, 32, and 43% greater than baseline levels (P < 0. The significance of the observed increase in endogenous CDP-choline production is that this compound is beyond CDP-choline † is both an endogenous intermediate in the biosynthesis of PC [1] and a drug used in Europe and Japan to treat stroke and brain injury 2, 3. Alpha GPC Choline 600mg + Uridine Monophosphate 300mg-2-in-1 Nootropic Supplement Helps Boost Focus, DEAL SUPPLEMENT Citicoline CDP Choline, 1,000mg Per Serving, 120 Capsules – Extra Strength Choline Supplements – Nootropic B Vitamin Properties – Promotes Dr. It is an important nutrient and widely used as a dietary supplement. 8 3. No Following injection or ingestion, citicoline is believed to undergo quick hydrolysis and dephosphorylation to yield cytidine and choline, which then enter the brain separately and are used to resynthesize CDP-choline inside brain cells. The three nootropics in the Happy Stack are uridine, CDP-choline, and fish oil. Support Healthy Memory: Remember more information for your exams, forget fewer deadlines at work, and no more losing your car keys. Frontera. , docosahexaenoic acid); moreover oral administration of the uridine source uridine-5′-monophosphate (UMP) can significantly increase levels of the phosphatides Comparative Analysis of CDP Choline (Citicoline) & Alpha-GPC. Choline is used to create acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for memory and learning, while cytidine gets converted into uridine, which supports neural growth and brain energy production. ) administered CDP-choline (cytidine-5'-diphosphate-choline; citicoline) and its metabolites in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pharmacol. Effect of Oral CDP-Choline on Plasma Choline and Uridine Levels in Humans Twelve mildly hypertensive but otherwise normal fasting subjects received each of four treatments in random order: CDP-choline (citicoline; 500, 2000, and 4000 mg) or a placebo orally at 8:00 a. on four different treatment days. A small clinical trial (n = 12) showed that administration of CDP-choline (which increases uridine levels in the brain ) improved performance in individuals with relatively inefficient memory . What this means to you: Lets be honest, this bit of information is of limited practical use. The increases in choline and uridine persisted for a Citicoline (INN), also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline, a common biochemical process in cell There is only limited evidence from clinical studies to show that administration of uridine or choline improves cognitive performance. At neuronal level, this is transformed to cytidine triphosphate. New Alpha GPC Choline Supplement with Uridine, a Choline Enhancer. Uridine provides Cytidine to the brain, which accelerates the synthesis of CDP Choline. 2,423. Next, choline and uridine enter cells of the Hence, we examined the effect of cytidine or uridine supplementation on CDP-choline levels in striatal slices perfused with cytidine (400 μM) or uridine (400 μM) for 2 h in the presence of choline (40 μM). , 2000). 2. Soy Free, No Fillers Stearates. , 1997) and in Alzheimer's disease (Cacabelos et al. 5, 1. Moreover, free uridine was found to be converted to CTP in PC12 cells, suggesting that it, like cytidine, might promote membrane PC synthesis [26]. Please turn off your ad blocker. CDP-Choline has been proven to be effective at preventing age-related cognitive decline, as well as assuaging the symptoms of memory loss related with neurodegeneration; CDP-Choline delivers cytidine, which in turn elevates uridine levels in the body. DHA makes up a large portion of your brain’s gray matter. Cytidine and uridine increase striatal CDP-Choline levels without decreasing acetylcholine synthesis or release. Cytidine and uridine both increased tissue CDP-choline levels, by about 88% (p < 0. To humans, choline is an essential nutrient as its In a human study , oral citicoline resulted in increases in plasma choline and uridine that were similar in timing and magnitude, (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar. Biochem Pharmacol, 2000; Lopez G-Coviella I, et al, Metabolism of cytidine (5)-diphosphocholine (cdp-choline) following oral and intravenous administration There is only limited evidence from clinical studies to show that administration of uridine or choline improves cognitive performance. Addition of uridine (50–100 μM) to the incubation medium caused significant elevations in UTP, CT, USAP and CDP-choline levels in PC12 cells. [Google Scholar] 75. The more uridine available in the brain, the more CDP choline is produced, and the better new synapses are protected and strengthened. When administered orally or by injection to rats, exogenous CDP-choline is metabolized completely to form choline and cytidine [4]. Brain Res, 971 (2003), pp. 500mg CDP Choline + 500mg Uridine. We previously showed that supplementing PC12 cells with uridine caused concentration-related increases in CDP-choline levels, and that this effect was media Oral supplementation of CDP-Choline is able to increase plasma uridine concentrations, with 500mg (101% higher than baseline) being less effective than 2000mg (136%) yet 4000mg being no more effective (134%) when measured at 90 minutes post ingestion and lasting for 6 hours. Medicines containing citicoline (cytidine-diphosphocholine) as an active principle have been marketed since the 1970s as nootropic and psychostimulant drugs available on prescription. 1). In rat PC12 cells exogenous uridine was shown to elevate intracellular CDP-choline levels, by promoting the synthesis of uridine triphosphate (UTP), which was partly converted to CTP. Choline supplementation, such as Alpha-GPC or CDP-Choline, can enhance the synergistic effects on phospholipid synthesis Uridine plays a vital role in the glycolysis pathway of galactose. Citicoline’s metabolic pathways. After administration, Citicoline rapidly diffuses to the tissues and is actively used. The biosynthesis of brain membrane phosphatides, e. CDP-Choline is an effective nootropic on its own. This nucleotide is important to neural membrane synthesis which helps cognition or thinking. . To overcome this, you may want to buy uridine monophosphate as part of a premade nootropic stack as there are several options you can consider that include uridine monophosphate, CDP, choline, and DHA as part of their With CDP-Choline being a pro-drug for uridine with a 48-72hr half-life, do these concerns (cancer / bone health / liver health) also apply to CDP-choline, which I suppose inherits a new TMAO concern ? Suppose so. It p Stimulation of CDP-choline synthesis by uridine or cytidine in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. DHA (Omega 3). Request PDF | Wurtman RJ, Regan M, Ulus I, Yu L. As a nootropic supplement, Alpha GPC is The choline component of CDP choline is believed to directly increase serum levels of adrenaline and norepinephrine, while the uridine component is thought to augment dopaminergic signaling. - SUPPORT COGNITIVE From studies with a similar compound, Cytidine 5 ′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline or citicoline), there are indications that SHR rats might benefit from receiving choline and cytidine (another nucleoside which is converted to uridine in the rat brain) in their diet. The compound is also a combination of choline and cytidine, so it includes choline and acts as a Choline source – Usually CDP-choline or Alpha-GPC to supply choline for neurotransmitter synthesis. e. When taken together, the production of phosphatidylcholine, used to build neuron cell membranes, increased by 45%. CDP-choline was administered orally in two active doses, 500 Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans. up to 2000 mg daily), CDP-choline increases plasma uridine levels CDP-choline increases plasma uridine levels in humans (Fig. The increases in choline and uridine persisted for a number of hours, so it might be anticipated that giving the drug twice daily would cause their levels to Citicoline is the generic name of CDP-choline, a natural metabolite presents in all living cells. , 2009; Wurtman, 2017). 60 Count (Pack of 1) 4. -Sponsored Ads-Advanced Prostate Formula. All I know is that CDP Choline already provides Uridine as a by-product so perhaps it's not necessary to take them together. CDP-choline increases plasma uridine levels in humans (Fig. At this point, it is still unclear why Citicoline provides this subjective Provision of cytidine (synthesized from uridine) is the rate-limit in the above pathway, and providing extra cytidine to cells or brain slices under adequate choline concentrations accelerates CDP-Choline synthesis. 05), dose-related increase in the AUC of plasma choline levels, throughout the dosage range tested (Fig. J. 05), respectively (Table III). the best part of it is uridine which i have been looking for though it come in a precursor formed cytidine small amount but trust me it Citicoline is the generic name of cytidine-5’-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), Plasmatic cytidine is then converted to uridine, and, this results in uridine phosphate inside the brain. PC, the principal such subunit in brain, is synthesized from these precursors by the CDP-choline cycle or “Kennedy Cycle” (12). 5%, with or without gavaged DHA) increases by 13–48% brain levels of PtdCho and other phosphatides including Citicoline , also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline, a common biochemical process in cell membranes. En effet, pendant la digestion, la citicoline ingérée est Citicoline (CDP-choline, cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) is a water soluble nutrient which serves as a precursor to both choline and cytidine within the brain (which later converts to uridine). CDP-Choline is required for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC). These data show that oral uridine-5′-monophosphate (UMP) increased plasma and brain uridine levels as well as brain UTP, CTP, and CDP-choline in male Mongolian gerbils. Some of CDP-choline's benefits can be explained by its ability to convert to choline and uridine in the body 2. v. cdp choline. CDP Choline, or Citicoline, is the compound cytidine diphosphocholine, which has neuroprotective properties. Abbreviation: CTP, cytidine triphosphate. , 2005), suggesting that it also accelerates PC synthesis (Lopez-Coviella et al. (It is an equivalent of taking uridine and eating eggs. Additional supplemental ingredients like B vitamins and fish oil are also sometimes added to augment the stack. Support Cognitive Function: Promotes healthy working memory, motivation, and CDP Choline (Citicoline) Supplement, Pharmaceutical Grade, Third Party Tested Alpha GPC Choline 600mg + Uridine Monophosphate 300mg-2-in-1 Nootropic Supplement Helps Boost Focus, Energy & Cognitive Performance -Potent The cytidine in CDP-Choline converts to uridine in the body. Uridine also helps increase the formation of new synapses by enhancing the growth of neural cell projections or “branches” known as neurites, which are crucial to neural signaling. It has been shown to improve memory, attention, motivation, and other aspects of cognitive functioning 1. Personally I've come to enjoy CDP-choline alone more than uridine+alpha-GPC. [38][49][50] Uridine is demonstrated to have the same property[47] via converting into cytidine through initial conversion to Supplementation of uridine (via either uridine itself or prodrugs) has been noted to increase concentrations of some brain phospholipids and namely phosphoethanolamine, [62] [63] but the increase in glycerophosphocholine has not always been detected (a failure with 500mg uridine in youth for a week [62] but a 5. Wurtman RJ, DHA (found in Omega-3): DHA, Choline and Uridine work in synergy to develop the brain. com. c. Again, best is to do proper testing with each thing on its own first and see how you respond, then you try It was recently shown that, in humans, oral CDP-choline elevates not plasma cytidine levels but rather those of its deaminated product uridine [26]. You may also use a combo of CDP-Choline, Uridine, and Fish Oil, which will help because CDP-Choline is created after the use of choline kinase. Next Steps. 3% vs. Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans. 0 and 2. Structurally CDP choline is 18. In such cells uridine also enhanced the neurite outgrowth produced by nerve growth factor (NGF). When taken in supplement form as uridine monophosphate, it has a number of nootropic benefits. Treated animals displayed an increase in the dopamine receptor densities of 11% for those receiving 100 mg kg-1 and 18% for those receiving 500 mg kg-1 as compared to the control aged animals that had received no CDP-choline. A similar UTP-mediated effect of uridine on cellular CDP-choline levels was previously observed in PC12 cells [27]. ) Cytidine 5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), which functions in the brain as cytidine and choline (Kennedy and Weiss, Uridine serves as the primary plasma form of pyrimidines, Abstract Cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine (citicoline or CDP-choline), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), However, in humans blood plasma levels of uridine, but not cytidine, are increased after oral citicoline as a result of cytidine deaminase in the gastrointestinal tract and liver . , 1996) may well be mediated by uridine – besides choline – since CDP-choline is principally a source of plasma uridine, but not of cytidine, in humans (Wurtman et al. 2K+ bought in past month. The i. CDP-Choline provides your brain with choline which aids in the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh). 2003;97:161–7. CDP-choline turns into uridine and choline in the body. If I were to take Alpha-GPC & Uridine instead it'd be more expensive on a gram for gram basis, but obviously that's not the fairest comparison due to the higher bio The cure to your nootropic stack is with addition of Phosphatidylcholine when you MUST use DMAE. Better Than Alpha-GPC or Uridine Alone. Cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is a natural and indispensable building block for phospholipids synthesis in cells (Kennedy, 1956, Kennedy and Weiss, 1956). - SUPPORT HEALTHY MEMORY - Remember more information for your exams, forget less deadlines at work, no more losing your car keys. CDP-choline (aka citicoline, cytidine diphosphate-choline) is a nootropic that can have a number of physical and cognitive benefits. Serious bio-hackers know this – but most people don’t know this because these research materials don’t tend to be publicised much outside of the Longecity / nootropics communities. Secades and Frontera 1995. Biochem. These include: Improved Memory; Improved CDP-Choline is a precursor to two important substances—choline and cytidine—that are essential for brain health. CDP Choline (Citicoline) Choline + Cytidine, if you couldn’t tell. PC) which, when aggregated, constitute the major components of their membranes. 3. About Uridine, I've taken this too, and 250 mg makes me a little bit sleepy too, bot not as much as CDP Choline. (Cho and Kim, 2009, Secades, 2016). And cytidine in CDP-Choline converts to uridine which is important for neural membrane synthesis. , 1996, Alvarez et al. Exogenously administered CDP-choline is metabolized to cytidine and choline in rats (Weiss, 1995), while it is metabolized to uridine and choline in humans (Wurtman et al. Choline sources differ in terms of choline content and absorption. Maxwell Alpha GPC 600mg + Uridine, a Choline Enhancer. And works synergistically to boost Citicoline is the generic name of the pharmaceutical substance that chemically is cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), which is identical to the natural intracellular precursor of phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. The two most easily absorbed forms are Alpha GPC and CDP Choline, but Alpha GPC has double the choline content of CDP Choline (40. It also acts as an additional source of choline throughout the brain. We examined the biochemical pathways whereby oral uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP) increases membrane phosphatide synthesis in brains of gerbils. , 2005); chronic consumption of UMP via the diet (0. PC in turn is a precursor of the essential neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). So uridine doesn’t just build new neurons and repair damaged ones. Key Components and Benefits Citicoline administration caused a significant (P < 0. I noticed this early on in my experimentation with Uridine for the Cortex stack. A quick breakdown of available choline sources for the stack, from least to most potent: Soy Lecithin, Choline Bitartrate, Choline Citrate, Alpha GPC, and CDP-Choline. 01) and 62% (p < 0. Cochrane Database Syst. Uridine and choline work synergistically with DHA to increase phosphatidylcholine formation, and there is a compelling rationale to combine these nutrients to provide neuroprotection and Plasma uridine was elevated significantly for 5-6 hr after all three doses, increasing by as much as 70-90% after the 500 mg dose, and by 100-120% after the 2000 mg dose. Alpha GPC versus CDP Choline (Citicoline) 1. CDP choline has a Our data demonstrated for the first time that, in the dosage range in which it is usually administered (e. doi: 10. It must be combined with other supplements such as CDP choline, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins to deliver the best results. These intermediates enter the circulation, cross the blood–brain barrier 5, 6, and Combined with a Choline supplement: If you combine it with a Choline source (Alpha GPC or CDP Choline), it's a good idea to match the dosage. 161-167. Alpha GPC contains more Choline than CDP Choline: Supplementing only CDP-choline with uridine isn't sustainable (most likely for most people's biology), and one will likely eventually need alpha-GPC or take out the uridine and just stick to their sweet spot of CDP-choline. View PDF View article View in Scopus Uridine is a precursor to CDP-choline (citicoline), which is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of brain cell membranes. 989-992. My stack includes both a choline and a uridine source, which I take in the form of CDP-Choline. Used in medicine as a drug since the 1980-s, citicoline was recently pronounced a food ingredient. 8 out of 5 stars 112 ratings This study was designed to test the effects of intracerebroventricularly (i. So, Uridine is actually a prodrug of CDP Choline, but taking them together in many people yields a more powerful nootropic response than taking one or the other. Best Choline Source: 2in1, Soy Free, No Fillers, USA, 60 Pills CDP choline works quickly and reliably, metabolizing within an hour of ingestion. This has the potential to promote real synapse proliferation and neural cell growth Uridine is the substrate for synthesis of cytidine triphosphate, the nucleotide used for production of CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine. Both CDP Choline and Alpha-GPC exhibit high bioavailability and efficient absorption. 2) and that, in PC-12 cells, uridine can be converted to CTP (Table 1). 1% increase over 6 weeks in older adults given 500mg Cortex Nootropic Stack - Powerful Brain Supplement for Increased Mental Performance - Uridine Monophospate, Bacopa Monnieri, Artichoke Extract, CDP Choline Brand: Surrogate Labs 3. g. breakdown, one of the metabolites is in fact uridine! This is perhaps one of the reasons why CDP-choline is such an effective supplement, as noted by our recent take on it. Support Choline Levels: CDP Choline is a popular choline supplement, while Uridine has been shown to support the synthesis of brain phosphatidylcholine. Ulus IH, Watkins CJ, Cansev M, Wurtman RJ. Abstract. Citicoline is Mammalian cells utilize DHA and other fatty acids, uridine, and choline to form the phosphatide subunits (e. It is used as a precursor in the production of CDP-choline. 2005. So, is extra uridine compensating somehow for the CHKA homozygous variant? This seems unlikely, since CHKA is at the beginning of the pathway, so its not clear how improving later steps would help. CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review. By taking Uridine with CDP Choline, you’re effectively providing your brain with 2/3 of the materials it needs (take some Omega 3 too to get 3/3) to build and repair neurons. 5% choline by weight , but though it’s not chemically classified as a cholinergic it metabolizes into choline and cytidine, which disperse rapidly throughout the body, cross the blood brain barrier, and enter the central nervous Experiment with your doses, I take 50 mg and I don't get that effect from CDP Choline. On paper, CDP Choline (Citicoline) doesn’t look as strong as Alpha GPC as it is only 18% of choline by weight, compared to Alpha GPC’s 40%. Biochem Pharmacol 60: 989-992 | Twelve mildly hypertensive but otherwise In these studies, the precursors were provided by adding either UMP or CDP-choline (which is metabolized to choline plus uridine in gerbils or humans [Wurtman et al. Alpha GPC (L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine) is a choline source derived from soy or sunflower lecithin. Knowing your limits: Too much Uridine The brain uses uridine to create CDP-choline, a well-known memory enhancer, and other brain phospholipids. In particular, urinary excretion occurs through two phases: the first one lasting ~36 hours (rapid decrease of excretion rate), and a second In rat PC12 cells exogenous uridine was shown to elevate intracellular CDP-choline levels, by promoting the synthesis of uridine triphosphate (UTP), which was partly converted to CTP. , 60 (2000), pp. Is an intermediate step in the formation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from choline (not a derivative – as Alpha GPC is). All of these increases were time-dependent, and all except the increases in brain uridine levels were dose-dependent. By supporting the production of phosphatidylcholine, uridine may help maintain and enhance the structural integrity of neurons, potentially improving overall brain function. , phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), may utilize three circulating compounds: choline, uridine (a precursor for UTP, CTP, and CDP-choline), and a PUFA (e. 001), and significant elevations persisted for 5, 8, and Taking Alpha GPC and Uridine together works better than each on its own* Alpha GPC is the most bioavailable form of Choline. Wurtman RJ, et al, Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans . Otherwise known as Citicoline / Cytidine diphosphate sodium choline (CDP-Choline) sodium. Uridine had no effect on the synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) or the activity of the phosphotransferase which catalyzes the synthesis of PC from DAG and CDP-choline. USA Made, 60 Pills, Money Back Guarantee : The two most easily absorbed forms are Alpha GPC and CDP Choline, but Alpha GPC has double the choline content of CDP Choline Much like CDP-choline, Alpha-GPC appears to increase dopamine levels along with other major neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and serotonin, when combined with B-vitamins, uridine Notre citicoline Cognizin® apporte à l’organisme une source plus complète et plus profitable, de choline et d’uridine, qui sont plus intéressantes que la forme phosphatidylcholine. Alpha-GPC, however, has been found to increase serum choline levels more rapidly due to its quicker absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and ready passage across the blood-brain barrier. CDP Choline (Citicoline) Supplement, Pharmaceutical Grade, Third Party Tested (60 Capsules 300mg) Capsule. 1016/s0006-8993(03)02333-3. This highly bioavailable form of choline quickly enters your brain. When labeled CDP-choline is administered by either the oral or parenteral route, radioactivity is eliminated very slowly by the urinary or fecal routes and in expired CO 2. I've found a sweet spot between 100 and 150mg. Rev. Moreover, supplementing a choline-containing diet with UMP or CDP Choline. Uridine – This is a nucleotide that's naturally present in the human body. Currently, this compound has been widely used as a safe and efficacious drug in treating nerve injury, Parkinson's disease, amblyopia and glaucoma, etc. Secades, G. 5 out of 5 stars. cdp choline is on another level. Best Choline Form, Better Than Alpha GPC or Uridine Аlone. In a study of 17 healthy volunteers who underwent brain imaging, uridine supplements increased their brain levels of phosphoethanolamine (PEtn), an important phospholipid building block . Still, it would be better to supplement with straight TMG if you just want the stimulating effects. [19] CDP-Choline. Let's take a quick look at what each of them do. , 1995). 21. The reported beneficial effects of CDP-choline in cognitively impaired humans (Spiers et al. Giving rodents like Mongolian gerbils a single dose of the uridine source uridine-5′-monophosphate (UMP) by gavage, increases their brain levels of CDP-choline by 50% (Cansev et al. FWIW I'm having trouble with Uridine. In a human study , oral citicoline resulted in increases in plasma choline and uridine that were similar in timing and magnitude, (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. administration of CDP-choline (0. It improves brain cholinergic functions and hepatic mitochondrial function in certain liver toxins. [Google Scholar] Castagna, A Uridine Monophosphate interacts positively with several substances, notably choline sources and omega-3 fatty acids. The increase of CDP-Choline and CDP-ethanolamine production thereby conceivably increases the number of synapses in AD and improves synaptic function (Wurtman et al. See relevant content for theoptimizingblog.